The computational solution of large scale linear programming problems contains various difficulties. One of the difficulties is to ensure numerical stability. There is another difficulty of a different nature, namely the original data, contains errors as well. In this paper, we show that the effect of the random errors in the original data has a diminishing tendency for the optimal value as the number of constraints and the number of variables increase. The laws of large numbers in probability theory are mathematical formulations for indicating the slowing-down tendency of the effect of random errors in the data. This paper was inspired by the paper of Prekopa [3]. Prekopa [3] proved both weak and strong laws of large numbers for the random linear programs in independence setting. We obtain laws of large numbers under negatively associated dependence for random linear programs and we extend Prekopa's results [3] to the case of negatively associated random variables.

Artificial intelligence futurology, based on divine laws (using James Detour's analytical Model).According to the Quranic teachings, the divine laws (such as the Isthilaf law) rule the world. On the other hand, with the current rapid growth, artificial intelligence may enter the technical era. Now, with the premise of the possibility of singularity, if it is realized, can artificial intelligence prevent the flow of divine laws, the realization of a desirable and honorable society? Finally, after planning, explaining and categorizing the possible scenarios for the future of artificial intelligence based on the analytical method of James Detour , their feasibility and proportionality based on various divine laws, while rejecting worrisome scenarios, it was concluded that according to conditional and absolute competitive traditions and based on the evolutionary movement of societies and history, although it is possible that the growth of artificial intelligence will cause harm and concerns for Man should follow; But Saleh's succession is certain and the growth of technology will not prevent its flow. In this research, information was collected by library method and their processing was done by descriptive-analytical method.

Problem statement: Despite the introduction of the concept of “sustainable urban development”-following the consequences of one-dimensional economic development-urban researchers still pay less attention to legal practices in this area. laws are presented as a development framework, related to historical contexts, institutional capacities, etc., and their success is introduced in achieving “what is necessary”. since their success is not always guaranteed, to describe them, one must go beyond the level of a legal draft, and its implementation process and results should be studied as a whole unit. Therefore the research question is how Tehran’s physical-spatial development laws are based on the planning law assessment framework (PLAF) analytical Model. Research objective: This study attempts to provide a descriptive-analytical study of the status of physical-spatial development planning laws in Tehran, on the path to sustainable urban development. Research method: This applied-developmental research used indicators derived from the PLAF analytical Model and carried out data processing by a group consisting of eight experts. Finally, the qualitative criteria measured, are quantified and compared. Conclusion: Finally, the results of this mixed research showed on the path to sustainable urban development Tehran’s physical-spatial development law, is not in the desired situation both in terms of functional effectiveness and technical dimensions. Among the six thematic categories studied, the planning laws related to “building codes” and “land-based finance” are in the best and worst status in terms of “Functional effectiveness”, respectively. Also, the planning laws related to “Development Rights” and “public spaces” are in the best and worst condition in terms of “technical aspects”, respectively. The same situation is reflected in the final score, and the planning laws related to “plots and blocks” and “Development Rights” have the highest, and the planning laws related to “public spaces” have the lowest scores among all categories. Finally, it is noteworthy that the ultimate descriptions of this research can explain the legal reasons for the gap between the spatial situation of Tehran, between the desired vision of urban sustainable development.

Studying the nature of natural laws is a central and basic investigation in philosophy of science which penetrates well into the boundaries of epistemology and metaphysics.One of the most but interesting subjects in this regard is the "uninstantiated laws". In this paper, after explaining two main viewpoints on the nature of natural lawa, the way they treat the problem of uninstantiated laws is reported and their shortcomings are laid bare.

Most studies on the relevance of valuation laws and the structure of financial market have used linear approaches for analysis. In this study asks whether the effect of valuation laws on the structure of financial market is stable under different economic conditions or not. The importance of answering to this question becomes clear when economic policymakers seek to adopt appropriate policies in the financial sector in order to increase the structure of the financial market. This study In terms of purpose is applied research and In terms of analytical method is a type of analytical research. Statistics and the information needed for the research were collected through documentary or library method and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The statistical population is all D8 countries (including: Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and Nigeria). EViews6 and MATLAB software were used to estimate the Model. According to the reported results, the following points can be Inferable: Valuation laws have a non-linear effect on the structure of financial market. The varying effect of valuation laws on the structure of financial market in different regimes Confirms that valuation laws improves performance in the structure of financial market, but this effect varies during the time so that even a negative effect is possible. .

Introduction Monitoring and prediction of hydrologic droughts and determining the onset and duration of drought spells have an important role in water resources management and planning to reduce the adverse effects of drought. In the present study the characteristics of hydrological drought in daily discharge time series from 20 hydrometric stations in Golestan Province have been analyzed. Matherials & Methods: In this study, the onset and end of drought periods, mean discharge, effective discharge and threshold level were calculated and then sequence number of 1 to 30-month durations were determined. According to the results of Power laws Analysis, the intensity and duration patterns of hydrological drought periods were distinguished. The results specified an inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of wet and dry spells. The highest severity of dry spell is related to Nodeh station (Line slope=-0. 26) and the highest intensity of wet spell was observed in Ramian station (Line slope =-0. 28) which indicated the stability of dry and wet river flow regimes in Nodeh and Ramian stations. Also, the longest durations of dry and wet periods were determined for the Aghghala (32. 89) and Basirabad (16. 29) stations, respectively, which represents the average maximum probable durations. Discussion of Results & Conclusions: The proximity, closeness to a straight line or parallel lines without intersection proved the homogeneity regime of wet-dry spells in the Gorganroud watershed. Analysis of wet-dry spells using the Power laws technique provides a basis to determine the flow regime, severity and duration of hydrological drought.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation Models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The Model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to Model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed Model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the Model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

With effect from 11 January 2009, Europe has a new system of private international law in unfair competition and restriction in competition cases. The Rome II Regulation1 determines the applicable law in all civil and commercial actions to which it applies, in all courts of all members of the EU.This article is to canvass some aspects of the new phenomenon of conflict of laws in non-contractual obligations arising out of unfair competition or restriction in competition raised in Art.6 of the regulation Rome II. The purpose of the rules against unfair competition is to protect fair competition by obliging all participants to play the game by the same rules. Moreover the modern competition law seeks to protect not only competitors (horizontal dimension) but also consumers and the public in general (vertical relations). This three-dimensional function of competition law must be reflected in a modern conflict-of-laws instrument.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) Model for natural language. The proposed Model, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed Model, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed Model is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this Model is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed Model helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this Model for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed Model are compared with one of the most important related works.